Tokugawa shoguns outlawed europeans from japan because ?

Between the world wars eisenhower's presidency the 1960s what is the organizing principle of this list?

When there are advances in technology, such as the personal computer, how might business productivity change? a) productivity is separate from technological advances so there is no impact. the new technology can replace outdated, less efficient, machinery. o) the businesses' products will no longer be demanded. d) manufactured items will be made elsewhere.

Do you think the cartoonist has a positive or negative view of bryan? why?