which two civilizations had such great influence on later cultures that they were called the "mother cultures"

By june 1943, the allies had regained control of north america. what was the advantage of controlling this region? what would you describe the axis's situation in europe in 1942? how might the axis have benefited by gaining control of great britain by 1942? the last questions of my quiz 10 points more than normal answer it honestly so i can get a good grade < 3