The judged those known as heretics, who taught false doctrines.

Religious bodies

Explanation:

The Church judged those known as heretics, who taught false doctrines. Heretics are individuals who behave contrary to the accepted doctrine of a religious doctrine.

They are usually judged and subjected to a fair hearing to establish the truth and anyone found culpable was usually dealt with or expunged. This was done to preserve the doctrines and prevent elements from misleading the congregation.

b.

jim crow laws were enacted in northern states.

its many islands, high mountains, and remote peninsulas isolated population centers.