Neither passage directly addresses the lack of political rights held by racial groups. In what way would a guarantee of political rights affect the types of problems that Mandela and Alexander describe? Passage says:
In cities North and South, housing is far poorer for Negroes than for whites. Colored people are largely forced to live in slum areas which have been abandoned by other groups. . . . The segregation of Negroes in jobs, their exclusion from free access to the ways in which other citizens earn a living, has meant permanent poverty, degradation [loss of power], and defeat—not only for the majority of Negroes, but for other large sections of the American people.