Which of the following describes a major cause of the expansion of the Ottoman Empire in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries?
O A The Ottoman Empire successfully pursued mercantilist economic policies.
B Ottoman citizens unified by their recent conversion to Islam were strongly motivated
to conquer.
C Exploitation of artillery and small arms gave the Ottomans advantages over many of
their political rivals
D The decentralized federalism of the Ottoman Empire encouraged competition and
technological innovation

The correct answer is option D "The decentralized federalism of the Ottoman Empire encouraged competition and technological innovation"

Explanation:

Ottoman Empire made by Turkish clans in Anatolia (Asia Minor) that developed to be one of the most impressive states on the planet during the fifteenth and sixteenth hundreds of years. The Ottoman Empire time frame crossed over 600 years and reached a conclusion just in 1922, when it was supplanted by the Turkish Republic and different replacement states in southeastern Europe and the Center East. At its tallness the realm incorporated the majority of southeastern Europe to the doors of Vienna, including present-day Hungary, the Balkan area, Greece, and parts of Ukraine; bits of the Center East currently involved by Iraq, Syria, Israel, and Egypt; North Africa as far west as Algeria; and huge pieces of the Bedouin Landmass. The term "Ottoman"  is a dynastic epithet gotten from Osman I (Arabic: ʿUthmān), the traveling Turkmen boss who established both the administration and the Empire around 1300.