According to the article which event increased political passion in both Democratic and Republican voters

the influence of daoism, buddhism, and legalism on chinese culture. unlike confucianism, daoism looked to nature rather than human beings as the source of morality. according to laozi, human society has to conform to the dao (the way), or the essential unifying element of all that is. some interpret dao as nature.

a, c, & d are correct:

they wanted lands to settle the extra population.

they wanted new markets for english goods.

they wanted to avoid civil war.

the first forms of writing came from them in the form of pictographs around 3100 bc.