How did migration and trade influence civilizations in ancient India? Mention the geography of India, the Mauryan Empire, and India's Golden Age

5 - 7 sentences.

 India was one of the great seats of ancient civilization. For the purposes of this article, the term Ancient India refers to that period of Indian history which began in the early 3rd millennium BCE, when a literate, city-based culture first emerged, to the end of the brilliant Gupta dynasty, in 500 CE. By this time all the essential foundations of Indian civilization had been laid down. As such, Ancient India plays a key role in world history. Its achievements can still be powerfully felt today, in a modern India and its growing influence around the world. 327 BCE: Alexander the Great conquers the Indus Valley; this leads to king Chandragupta Maurya of Maghada conquering the Indus Valley from Alexander the Great’s successor (304 BCE).

290 BCE: Chandragupta’s successor, Bindusara, extends the Mauryan conquests into central India

269 BCE: Ashoka becomes the Mauryan emperor

Urban civilization first appeared in ancient India with the Indus Valley civilization in the early third millennium BCE, in what is today Pakistan and north-west India. This was contemporary with other early civilizations of the ancient world, in Mesopotamia and Ancient Egypt, and is one of the earliest civilizations in world history. It is famous for its large and well-planned cities. The Indus Valley civilization vanished in the mid-2nd millennium BCE. In the following thousand years, a people known as the Aryans, speaking an Indo-European language, moved into northern India from central Asia. They came into India as pastoral, semi-nomadic tribes led by warrior chieftains. Over time, they settled down as rulers over the native Dravidian populations they found there, and formed tribal kingdoms. This period of ancient Indian history is known as the Vedic age, as it was depicted in the earliest Indian writings, called the Vedas. It is also the formative period in which most of the basic features of traditional Indian civilization were laid down. These include the emergence of early Hinduism as the foundational religion of India, and the social/religious phenomenon known as caste.

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