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had diverse populations

Explanation:

Since these cities are close by and therefore, the sequences might belong to individuals that have been diverged relatively recently. Hence, there have not been much accumulation of mutations. Therefore, the sequences are closely related, resulting in clustering together in the phylogram.

If the individuals had diverged long ago, they should have been migrated to far away places and in the mean time, should have accumulated more mutations than otherwise.

it took two men to wrestle rome back from chaos and turn a republic into an empire. in the first century bc, rome was a republic. power lay in the hands of the senate, elected by roman citizens. but the senators were fighting for power between themselves.

b)

it created free trade throughout the colonial territories.