Martin Luther was just one of many religious figures who questioned the church. Read this fourteenth-century poem criticizing the Avignon papacy by another priest. As you read, answer the following questions. Feel free to do some research on the Internet to help you find answers. Who is the author? Who was this person in history?
What do you think was the author’s purpose in writing this poem? How can you tell?
What do you think Martin Luther would have thought of this poem? Why?

Read the excerpt from sir gawain and the green knight. when they had washed well, they went to sit at the table, the most famous knights nearest the top, as was proper, and guenever, in high spirits, was seated in the middle of them, in the arrangement of the famous table, with them arrayed around her, fine silk, furthermore, in a canopy over her, of toulouse red, and many tharsian tapestries embroidered and set with the finest of jewels that would have cost a great deal if someone had tried to buy them. the most beautiful there was the queen, flashing her gray eye. no one had ever seen anyone lovelier in his day. based on the excerpt, what conclusion can readers draw about guenever? she treats people with compassion. she is admired for her intelligence. she feels uncomfortable in crowds. she is held in high esteem.

Which line from extremely loud and incredibly close reveals a melancholy tone? as for the bracelet mom wore to the funeral, what i did was i converted dad’s last voice message into morse code, and i used sky-blue beads for silence, maroon beads for breaks between letters . . she said it was the best gift she’d ever received. i asked her if it was better than the edible tsunami, from when i was interested in edible meteorological events. she said, “different.” i wanted to tell her she shouldn’t be playing scrabble yet. or looking in the mirror. or turning the stereo any louder than what you needed just to hear it. it wasn’t fair to dad, and it wasn’t fair to me. i made her other morse code jewelry with dad’s messages—a necklace, an anklet, some dangly earrings, a tiara—but the bracelet was definitely the most beautiful, probably because it was the last, which made it the most precious.

What was the grimke sisters' argument for equal rights for women based on?