To combat Reconstruction reforms, some Southerners organized white supremacy groups.
the Freedmen's Bureau.
a new Republican Party.
the civil rights movement.

the exodus of these people from constantinople contributed to the revival of greek and roman studies, which led to the development of the renaissance in humanism and science. byzantine emigrants also brought to western europe the better preserved and accumulated knowledge of their own greek civilization

using the media to encourage public support for an idea.

encouraging congress to take action

establishing a public policy goal for the nation