PLEASE HELP 100 POINTS Identify the major ideas of the Enlightenment from the writings of Locke, Voltaire, and Rousseau, and their relationship to politics and society.

Explanation:

Enlightenment

a period which produced new ideas about government

Newton discovered natural laws governing the universe

many believed there were natural laws governing politics, economics, and other aspects of society as well

John Locke

knowledge and worldview comes from one’s environment and experiences

reason above simple faith

people could be changed by altering their surroundings

challenged the old view that monarchs possess a God-given right to rule

people were born with natural rights that included life, liberty, and property

For the good of society, people give up certain freedoms and empower governments to maintain order

citizens have the right to replace any government that fails to serve the public good

Voltaire

known for his criticism of Christianity

belief in religious toleration

championed deism, an eighteenth-century religious philosophy based on reason and natural law

Deists believe the world is like a clock that God created and set according to his natural laws, and then let run without his intervention

Jean Jacques Rousseau

argued that the general will of the people acted as a “social contract”  

Everyone, citizens and the government, should abide by this agreement  

In other words, the government should reflect the will of the people  

Effects of the Enlightenment

a growing belief in progress

a more secular outlook

the growing importance of the individual

a period of Revolutions

Locke - citizens have the right to replace any government that fails to serve the public good

Voltaire - belief in religious toleration

Rousseau - argued that the general will of the people acted as a “social contract”

John Locke was fundamental to US Declaration of Independence, and influenced Thomas Jefferson, “life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness”

Voltaire's ideas guaranteed in US Bill of Rights and French Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen

Rousseau inspired many of the leaders of the French Revolution who overthrew the monarchy in 1789 and, influenced socialism, and nationalism

These Enlightenment thinkers changed the way societies influenced their governments and brought conservative ideas under scrutiny

Explanation:

the first 10 amendments to the u.s. constitution are known as the bill of rights. those 10 amendments establish the most basic freedoms for americans including the rights to worship how they want, speak how they want, and assembly and peaceably protest their government how they want. the amendments have also been subject to much interpretation since their adoption, particularly the right to carry a gun under the second amendment.

"a bill of rights is what the people are entitled to against every government on earth, general or particular, and what no just government should refuse, or rest on inference," said thomas jefferson, the author of the declaration of independence and the third president of the united states.