1. The emprassarios were able to encourage American settlement with the Austin land grant because

the french gave their support to another tribe during he war.

the federalist party which advocated strong centralization dominated the united states government till 1800. so 1800 election transformed the power from one party to another party for the first time and was thus a turning point in american history. so jefferson called it "revolution of 1800".

explanation:

b.   jim crow laws were enacted in northern states.

d! i hope u get it ! xddd