How did mars become so cold and barren

Around 3.7 billion years ago, Mars had the basic ingredients to support life. A thick, oxygen-rich atmosphere blanketed the planet, trapping enough heat to allow liquid water to flow freely on the surface. Then a catastrophic event rendered Mars cold and barren

Explanation:

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Scientists from NASA's MAVEN (Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution Mission) spacecraft have determined that solar wind and radiation stripped away the Martian atmosphere, transforming Mars from a planet that could have supported life billions of years ago into a frigid, dry world.

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