Southern state governments restricted the rights of former slaves by which established virtual slavery.

O refusing to pay war debts.

O holding constitutional conventions,

O refusing to pass the Thirteenth Amendment

O passing black codes

Group formed to protect artisans and increase their profits

N1947, the united nations create a country

In ohio in 1872, the cleveland massacre was a violent labor dispute at standard oil refineries in cleveland. a takeover by standard oil of the refineries in cleveland. an attempt to stop standard oil from becoming a monopoly. a failed attempt by standard oil to take over other refineries.