Identify and explain a turning point associated with the locations identified on the map below

Location given in the map gave birth to the early civilizations in the world.

Explanation:

Rivers played a vital role in establishing human settlement as it provided water for several purposes. Fertile crescent in the region of the Middle East played a significant role in helping in the emerging of early civilization. The earliest civilizations, including Mesopotamia, Egypt, Indus valley, and China emerged because of the presence of rivers. These rivers included the Nile, Tigris–Euphrates, Indus, and Huang (Yellow). Rivers provided water for irrigation, drinking, and trading.

frederick william of brandenburg-prussia trained his son, frederick, to be a hardy soldier. but frederick disliked rifle shooting and horseback riding. unlike his father, he was interested in french literature. he enjoyed poetry and music and, like some others of the enlightenment, he scoffed at religion. his father thought him soft, frivolous and unmindful of his duties. and when frederick refused to put his signature on a right to succession, for a few moments his father strangled him.

what are the choices?