The first african americans who fought for the union during the civil war had been recruited in border states.

The 54th Regiment Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry was an infantry regiment that saw extensive service in the Union Army during the American Civil War. The unit was the first African-American regiment organized in the northern states during the Civil War

The case was a u.s. supreme court decision that defined the scope of the u.s. congress's legislative power and how it relates to the powers of american state legislatures. the dispute in mcculloch involved the legality of the national bank and a tax that the state of maryland imposed on it.