5. In 1870, immigrants made up 25% or more of the population in most of the largest cities. What social issues would cities face with an influx of people? 6. Describe “Old Immigrants”
7. Describe “New Immigrants”
8. What are some examples of Push Factors?
9. What are some examples of Pull Factors?

5. Poor air and water quality, insufficient water availability, waste-disposal problems, and high energy consumption are exacerbated by the increasing population density and demands of urban environments. Strong city planning will be essential in managing these and other difficulties as the world's urban areas swell.

6. The so-called “old immigration” described the group European immigrants who “came mainly from Northern and Central Europe (Germany and England) in early 1800 particularly between 1820 and 1890 they were mostly protestant”and they came in groups of families they were highly skilled, older in age, and had moderate amount of money in addition, they were quick to assimilate with the American citizens their main reason for coming was to seek settlement and escape the poverty and food scarcity due to droughts .

7. As for the New immigrants, they were younger mostly male dominant “they came from Eastern and Southern Europe from countries like Italy, Poland, Greece, Russia they came in search of Economic opportunities” but most of them never intended to become American citizen they were working in the US just earn enough to send money back to their familiar which gave them the name “ Birds of Passage”. The new wave of immigrants was either catholic, orthodox, or Jewish they came impoverished, unskilled, and illiterate also most of the immigrants from the new wave came separately as a form of smaller groups or individuals like a father and son or single men who were looking for jobs.  

8.  Push factors “push” people away from their home and include things like war. Pull factors “pull” people to a new home and include things like better opportunities. The reasons people migrate are usually economic, political, cultural, or environmental.

9.  the same than 8

Explanation:

the captain of a steam ship naturally chooses the shortest route to his destination. since a sailing ship is usually pushed by winds and currents, its captain must find a route where the wind will probably blow in the right direction. tacking, i.e. using contrary wind to pull (sic) the sails, was always possible but wasted time because of the zigzagging required, and this would significantly delay long voyages. the early european explorers were not only looking for new lands. they also had to discover the pattern of winds and currents that would carry them where they wanted to go. during the age of sail winds and currents determined trade routes and therefore influenced european imperialism and modern political geography. for an outline to the main wind systems see global wind patterns.

pilotage or cabotage, in one sense, is the art of sailing along the coast using known landmarks. navigation, in one sense, is the art of sailing long distances out of sight of land.[1] although the polynesians were able to sail the pacific (with great difficulty) and people regularly sailed north and south across the mediterranean, before the time of columbus nearly all sailing was coastal pilotage

        it is some were in here? ///

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