1. Why do you think people were moving to cities during the late 1800s/early 1900s? 2. What is urbanization?
3. Did the standard of living improve for Americans during the Industrial Era?
4. How did mass transit offer city residents more flexibility?

1. One important result of industrialization and immigration was the growth of cities, a process known as urbanization.

2. Urbanization refers to the population shift from rural to urban areas, the decrease in the proportion of people living in rural areas, and the ways in which societies adapt to this change.

3. Even though the Industrial Revolution produced harsh conditions for workers, child labor, and an increase in the cost of living it proved to have raised living standards in the 18th and 19th century due to increase in wages, technological advancements, and an increase in life expectancy and it allowed economies to thrive.

4. They offered operating flexibility in the short term, to route around fires and other temporary street obstructions, and in the long term, to be shifted easily into new areas needing service.

b) the confederacy had to pay all union war expenses.