Discuss the major music forms of the Middle Ages.

The Middle Ages (or the medieval era) of music preceded the Renaissance. This age witnessed the dominance of the church over the minds of people, which is visible in the music from this period as well. Music broadly consisted of sacred and secular compositions. The various music forms of music during the medieval era were

Sacred music: In the Middle Ages, the Catholic Church dominated the minds of people. This can be seen in the music of this era. Gregorian chants were the official liturgical music of the Roman Catholic Church. The chants consisted of sacred Latin prayers set to monophonic melodies. These chants were sung without any instrumental accompaniment. Church music comprising of just one melody line was referred to as plainchant. Gregorian chants expressed a tranquil and otherworldly voice of the church. They used a free-flowing rhythm, and the curve of the melody relied on the importance of the message given in the sacred Latin text.

Secular music: Secular music, also known as non-sacred music, began to appear during the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. French nobles called troubadours composed secular music and sang the first secular songs (mainly dance songs). The church originally did not approve of musical accompaniments with songs—or of any form of dancing. However, the church eventually gave way and approved some forms of dancing for selected religious rites. The estampie was the earliest form of instrumental (dance) music. It consisted of four to seven sections called punctuses, and each punctus repeated with a different ending. Said to be a difficult form of dance, the estampie involved minimal movement (the dancers remained almost stationary) to a piece of music set in a triple meter and with strong, fast beats.

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