The following map shows the spread of Islam from 632 A. D. (CE) to 1000 A. D. (CE). Use the map to answer the following question: What does this map indicate about the Crusades?

A.) The Crusades were a direct result of Muslim conquest of Jerusalem.

B.) Much of the Holy Land had been under Muslim control for centuries before the Crusades began.

C.) The Crusades were a direct result of Muslim invasion of Tours.

D.) Land bordering the Mediterranean Sea was not a concern for Crusaders.

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