What did share cropping do for former slaves?

Sharecropping allowed slaves to own part of the field that their slavers owned.

Explanation:

Sharecropping, what I call slavery 2.0, involved the purchase of a portion of land that former slaves would cultivate. The owner of the land would collect a sizable portion of the crops to sell and leave the remaining for the former slave to either sell for rent or eat. This trapped former slaves, leaving them in debt so that they were still providing for their former slavers and too broke to move elsewhere.

your answer would be just capitalism.

in mcculloch v. maryland (1819) the supreme court ruled that congress had implied powers under the necessary and proper clause of article i, section 8 of the constitution to create the second bank of the united states and that the state of maryland lacked the power to tax the bank.

gibbons v. ogden, (1824), was a landmark decision in which the supreme court of the united states held that the power to regulate interstate commerce, granted to congress by the commerce clause of the united states constitution, encompassed the power to regulate navigation.