Is a child a citizen if only one parent is a US citizen, and that parent has been physically present in the US or possession at least five years prior to the child's birth, at least two of
which were after the age of 14.

The law in effect at the time of birth determines whether someone born outside the United States to a U.S. citizen parent (or parents) is a U.S. citizen at birth. In general, these laws require that at least one parent was a U.S. citizen, and the U.S. citizen parent had lived in the United States for a period of time.

Yes

Explanation:

I found it on the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services page. Specifically, Chapter 3 - U.S. Citizens at Birth (NA 301 and 309), B3.

c. the dred scott v. sandford case,

the punishment for breaking the law would depend on the conditions or the seriousness of the law being broken, if he or she breaks the law while doing some great discovery or invention then it would classify as a scientific fraud. there are other words to describe the crime but scientific fraud would be the harshest one.