The Byzantine Empire includes lands on which two continents? Why do you think large medieval cities were located along rivers?

What route might a trader from Constantinople have taken to reach the city of Hamburg?

During medieval times, overland travel was dangerous, due to physical barriers, as well as wild animals and thieves. Because of this, sea travel was preferred. Based on what you know of the physical geography of Europe, why might its people have taken advantage of this form of transportation?

Suppose invaders from northern Africa and the Middle East attacked western Europe. What body of water would they have to cross to reach lands in western Europe?

The Roman Empire and the Holy Roman Empire are two different empires that existed at different times in history. The Roman Empire controlled all of the land around the Mediterranean Sea, including present-day Spain and France, England, and as far as the Carpathian Mountains and the Black Sea. The Roman Empire ended around 476 C. E. The Holy Roman Empire, on the other hand, began around the year 800 C. E. How did the land areas controlled by the two empires differ?

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1. the group that formally abolished the monarchy was the roundheads. after the monarchy was abolished, the english commonwealth was created. it was led by oliver cromwell, who later took the title lord protector. this leader was a puritan, meaning that he supported removing catholic rituals from the church of england.

2. identify a central idea in the bill of rights.

a.   the monarch could only exercise power as stated in the law.

3. ascended the english throne as   a joint monarch after accepting   the bill of rights   mary ii

appointed catholics as government   officials and recruited them in the   army

james ii

conquered ireland and established   the commonwealth

oliver cromwell

lost a long, bloody civil war against   forces loyal to parliament

charles i

was crowned king after a period   of commonwealth rule in england

charles ii

4. identify two effects of the glorious revolution on the english monarchy.

the idea of monarchs ruling by divine right was rejected.

a limited, constitutional monarchy was established.

5. what are two ways the bill of rights opposes the idea of the divine right of kings?

it stated that the monarch's power was subject to limits set by parliament.

it abolished the role of the monarch as the head of the church of england.