Who provided the basis for the development of
territorial kingdoms?
How? Why does this
"base" prove to be
unsteady

this means that germany had to pay the allied countries. reparations are/is essentially payment for something that they have done wrong, so after ww1, germany was forced to pay reparations so they could replenish the allied countries resources' that they had lost during the war.

demand is the need and oportunity to buy a given good or service.

b.

one company controls all the means of production of a product.

~coco