To what degree are Bacon's and Berkeley's actions due to personal self-interest (the desire for money, power, prestige) or to principles and ideals? To what "higher authority" or principles of morality and
justice did each man appeal to justify his actions?

the social historical theory explains the creation of the varnas, jats and of the untouchables. according to this theory, the caste system began with the arrival of the aryans in india. the aryans arrived in india around 1500 bc. the fair skinned aryans arrived in india from south europe and north asia.

the answer is a) james madison.

i confess that there are several parts of this constitution which i do not at present approve, but i am not sure i shall never approve them: for having lived long, i have experienced many instances of being obliged by better information or fuller consideration, to change opinions even on important subjects, which i once thought right, but found to be otherwise. it is therefore that the older i grow, the more apt i am to doubt my own judgment, and to pay more respect to the judgment of others.

this is a good question! i'll do some research and come back when i have the answer!