Italian city-states were important centers of . Papal control trade between Europe and Byzantine Empire agricultural markets and exchange training for military

answer; i believe the correct answer is (favorable balance);

b) the confederacy had to pay all union war expenses.

explanation:

i think it is in quadrant 4.

the five year plans were part of a command economy. there was little choice in what would be emphasized for the current 5 year period.

the answer to democracy or totalitarianism is a bit harder. in stalin's time, russia was totalitarian. now that's not entirely true. putin has moved towards at least the boundary.