John Locke's concept of natural rights and the social contract emphasizes which pair of concepts and definitions?

Popular sovereignty is equal to political equality among citizens, is the right answer.

Explanation:

John Locke is the most prominent political thinkers of modern times. He published the book name "Two Treatises of Government"  in the year 1690. In this book, he supported a claimed that men are naturally born free and equal and gave more importance to natural rights. In the social contract theory, developed during the Age of Enlightenment, the idea of popular sovereignty was put forward by John Locke, Thomas Hobbes and  Jean-Jacques Rousseau. In this theory of popular sovereignty, the legitimacy of the law is based on the acquiescence of the governed. According to the thinkers, when people choose to live in a society they give up some of their natural freedoms in return of the protection from threats that come from the freedom of others.

Therefore, it may be said that Locke emphasized on the pair of popular sovereignty and political equality.

separation of powers, therefore, refers to the division of government responsibilities into distinct branches to limit any one branch from exercising the core functions of another.   the intent is to prevent the concentration of power and provide for checks and balances.  

the traditional characterizations of the powers of the branches of american government are:

* the legislative branch is responsible for enacting the laws of the state and appropriating the money necessary to operate the government.

* the executive branch is responsible for implementing and administering the public policy enacted and funded by the legislative branch.

* the judicial branch is responsible for interpreting the constitution and laws and applying their interpretations to controversies brought before it.

forty state constitutions specify that government be divided into three branches:   legislative, executive and judicial.   california illustrates this approach; "the powers of state government are legislative, executive, and judicial.   persons charged with the exercise of one power may not exercise either of the others except as permitted by this constitution."

while separation of powers is key to the workings of american government, no democratic system exists with an absolute separation of powers or an absolute lack of separation of powers. governmental powers and responsibilities intentionally overlap; they are too complex and interrelated to be neatly compartmentalized. as a result, there is an inherent measure of competition and conflict

minnesota:   minnesota house research,   separation of powers: when statutes and court rules conflict, 2005