Who owned the gold mines during the ancient Egyptian and Roman civilizations?

The Roman Empire got gold as they expanded. Their victories got them gold from mines at Vercellae, the Rhine River, as well as from the Atlantic coast of Central Africa and parts of Egypt.

Egypt got it's gold in the Wadi Hammamat, Eastern Desert. Gold mining started with alluvial workings in Egypt and was followed by shallow underground vein mining in Nubia about 1300 BCE, during the New Kingdom period.

Explanation:

So The Roman Empire got gold as they expanded and Egypt had mines since predynastic times. The leaders would own the mines, the land, and everything.

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