What did the Pacific Railway Act, Homestead Act, Morrill Land Grant College Act, and National Banking Act all have in common?

They reflected the belief of Republicans that an activist federal government could promote economic development.

Explanation:

The Acts described show the Republican's idea of a federal government in charge of promoting economic development.

The 1862 Pacific Railway Act encouraged the construction of a transcontinental railroad with help from the Federal Government.

The Homestead Acts provided ownership of government land known as a "homestead.”

The Land-Grant College Act of 1862, also known as the Morrill Act, granted land to the states to finance colleges specialized in agriculture.

The National Bank Act of 1863 created the national banking system to solve the financial crisis that emerged during the Civil War (1861–1865).