The historian and presidential adviser Arthur Schlesinger Jr. used the term to describe the power of the president to speak for the nation on the world stage and to set the policy agenda at home.

A presidency becomes imperial when it relies on powers beyond those allowed by the Constitution of the U.S. As the United States became a great world power and then a superpower, the presidency acquired more war powers despite the Constitution.

Explanation:

the right answer is the third one: turnpikes went short distances to connect markets. turnpikes, also known as toll roads, were very important for trade and transportation (of people, goods and products) in the 19th century, coinciding with the expansion towards the west. they contributed significantly to the economic development of the united states.