Social hierarchies dictated in Spanish and Portuguese colonies that migrants born in Europe were peninsulares and people born in the Americas of Iberian parents were called .

Criollos

Explanation:

During the colonial period in America, there was a hierarchy established in Spanish and Portuguese colonies in which the people that were born there with parents from Spain or Portugal were considered to be below people born in Europe and they were called criollos. However, they were considered to be over people with mixed descend, Amerindians and enslaved Africans. According to this, the answer is that social hierarchies dictated in Spanish and Portuguese colonies that migrants born in Europe were peninsulares and people born in the Americas of Iberian parents were called criollos.

after the civil war, and with the termination of slavery, the south was faced with a big problem; what was supposed to happen and how they were supposed to deal with the freedom and the rights that black people and freed slaves had gained as a result of the north defeating the south and forcing the end of slavery. first, most, if not all, of the workforce of the south came from slaves and they did not have an option to replace the loss of said workforce. second, particularly in the south, people were convinced that black people were lesser, less intelligent, less capable and less smart than whites. this posed a huge problem for them. also, southerners were faced with another issue; freed slaves now had a say in how their lives would be lived and the right to politically choose the way they would be governed. people in the south did not want to accept this, none of this and this opposition and the conflicts that arose from it, not to mention the afereffects of the war, forced the congress of the time to enact and enforce the reconstruction plans that had been proposed by president andrew johnson.