How did the Ming dynasty emphasize learning? It made military officer positions available to anyone. It opened numerous private schools for higher learning. It required that public servants pass civil service exams. It emphasized pursuits other than the arts, literature, and music.

its many islands, high mountains, and remote peninsulas isolated population centers.

trade

explanation:

genetics is the study of how dna works, the methodologies defining the new recent technologies allow scientist to have a panoramic view of the entire dna landscape, especially how genomes interact with their environment, including off course, factors outside their organisms.

thus is very possible the existence of both scenarios, where populations of isolated individuals have different genetic traits, and share traits related to genetic mutation, due rats can easily travel overseas using human transport channels. so scientists could get a vast number of data, including human interaction, evolution of rodents, health development, spread of infections, development of new organisms, how genomes evolve in different environments and so on.