During the eighth century, the Muslims' threat to Constantinople a. led to the temporary collapse of the Byzantine Empire. b. served as the grounds for the first of the Crusades. c. was countered by the Byzantine usage of a new weapon, "Greek fire." d. resulted in the Latin domination of the city.

c. was countered by the Byzantine usage of a new weapon, "Greek fire."

Explanation:

"Greek Fire" consisted in burning an enemy ship by throwing fire from a flame-throwing weapon from another ship.

This Greek Fire was first used by the Byzantines in 673. It is called Greek Fire because the Byzantine Empire was largely Greek-speaking.

The Greek Fire was used effectively in two naval battles against muslims invations in the 8th century. This victories helped Constantinople survive and remain in Byzantine (Christian) control.

answer is 1935

because gandhi led a march the sea in 1930 and 5 years later he did it again

the correct answer is "c: merchants" and "e. soldiers".

the song dynasty was known as the first government in the world to introduce paper currency. it was also the first chinese government which established a permanent standing navy. finally, the first compass was introduced during this period of government.

all of these innovations heavily affected commerce in a positive way. printed money dynamize commerce within the borders of the empire due to an easier way to quantify value during the trade. the introduction of the compass trade routes to be faster. finally, the introduction of a standing navy regulate trade routes.

regarding military affairs, gunpowder was created during this period. this was a tremendous improvement that was widely utilized by the military in order to innovate in the manufacturing of weapons.