What defined the economies and societies of trading states in africa?

Why was the battle of gaugamela an important turning point in alexanders conquest of persian empire

In which country did king john rule as an absolute ruler?

The 1884 amendment added onto the chinese exclusion act included what additional stipulation? the law would apply to ethnic chinese regardless of which asian country they originated from. the law would provide newly arrived chinese immigrants with land in the oklahoma territory. the law would establish all chinese americans as permanent aliens and deny them citizenship. the law would prohibit chinese immigrants from reentering the united states once they exited.