Pope Urban II launched the First Crusade in response to which of the following?

The demands of the Holy Orders of Knighthood

Saladin's defeat of Richard the Lionheart

The Byzantine Emperor's plea for help against the Seljuk Turks

The visions of Nicholas of Cologne and Stephen of Cloyes

Tare the major themes expressed in the works of erasmus, van eyck, more, and shakespeare? how was the renaissance in northern europe different from the renaissance in italy?

How did philip ii view the religious rights of protestant citizens in his empire

"august 19th (1864)- how they quarreled and wrangled among themselves- alabama and mississippi, all were loud for joe johnston, save and except the long-haired, one-armed hero, who cried at the top of his voice: "oh! you all want to be kept in trenches and to go on retreating, eh? " "oh, if we had had a leader, such as stonewall (jackson), this war would have been over long ago! what we want is a leader! " shouted a (wounded man). they were awfully smashed-up, objects of misery, wounded, maimed, diseased. i was really upset, and came home ill. this kind of thing unnerves me quite." mary chestnut, a diary from dixie this entry from the diary of mary chestnut illustrates a) the lack of medical technology possessed by the confederacy. b) the military superiority of southern troops in the civil war. c) the effects of the emancipation proclamation on the southern economy and society. d) the loss of morale and confidence by the confederacy towards the end of the civil war.