How did Bismark use war and realpolitik to increase nationalism and create a nation in Germany?

Explanation:

Otto Von Bismarck was the Prussian Chancellor. His main goal was to further strengthen the position of Prussia in Europe. Bismarck had a number of primary aims:  to unify the north German states under Prussian control  to weaken Prussia's main rival, Austria, by removing it from the German Federation  to make Berlin, not Vienna, the center of German affairs  to strengthen the position of the King of Prussia, Wilhelm I, countering the demands for reform from the Liberals in the Prussian Reich stag

Military improvements :In the 1850s, Bismarck and Wilhelm I wanted to build up Prussia's army to be ready if war broke out with the other German states or Austria  To do this they needed to raise money through taxation. The Prussian Parliament refused to allow money to be raised in this way. Bismarck ignored the Parliament - he collected money for military reforms through direct taxation. These reforms included:an increase in army conscription from two to three years  the introduction of new battle tactics  the introduction of and weapons such as the needle gun  The Congress of Princes 1863 ,To counter Prussia's growing influence, Austria tried to strengthen its position in the German Federation.  Since it was the most influential member of the Bond, an increase in the power of the German Federation would strengthen Austria. Bismarck thwarted Austria's plans by insisting on popular elections to the Diet (the Federation's Parliament). Austria refused and the reforms were discarded. Bismarck had successfully ruined Austria's plans. Ironically as a defender of the Liberal nationalists. Bismarck did not begin with a master plan to control all German states  Bismarck actually reacted to and capitalized on political changes in other German states  strength of nationalist feelings after 1866 led to German unification under its own steam  economic co-operation meant that unification may have happened eventually anyway  Bismarck made sure that it happened  However, other historians believe that unification would not have happened without him he made sure that the army reforms took place  he successfully isolated other countries by making them look like aggressors  he made Prussia appear to be the defender of the German states and protector of their rights.

1.a)britain

2.b)spain

3.c)french

4.d)portugal

explanation: