By 1294, the Mongols had gained control over the Middle East and . However, they had not conquered Egypt and .

- The Russian Kingdoms

- Byzantium

Explanation:

The Mongols were the biggest force of their time. Emerging from the Mongolian steppes, under the leadership of Genghis Khan, the Mongols managed to conquer an enormous amount of territory. After initially conquering Western Xia and China, the Mongols went toward the west and conquered Central Asia, and by the year 1924, they had the Middle East and the Russian Kingdoms under their control. What the Mongols didn't manage to do, which maybe would have helped them in the long run, was to conquer Egypt and Byzantium. Egypt and Byzantium saved themselves because there were important things happening back in the east, so the Mongol generals had to go back and leave only small fractions of the army to keep the conquered territory.

answer; (a) he was a u.s senator for 38 years;