How and why did African countries gain independence?

Between the years of 1945 and 1960, three dozen new states in Asia and Africa achieved outright independence from their European colonial rulers. There was no one process of decolonization. In some areas, it was peaceful, and orderly. In many others, independence was achieved only after a protracted revolution. The reason why African countries gain independence because they were in cash crops and minerals, they could not process these goods themselves. Their economies were dependent on trade, and this made them vulnerable.

the andes or andean mountains (spanish: cordillera de los andes) are the longest continental mountain range in the world, forming a continuous highland along the western edge of south america. this range is about 7,000 km (4,300 mi) long, about 200 to 700 km (120 to 430 mi) wide (widest between 18° south and 20° south latitude), and of an average height of about 4,000 m (13,000 ft). the andes extend from north to south through seven south american countries: venezuela, colombia, ecuador, peru, bolivia, chile and argentina.

from wikipedia

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1920 census

2010 census