How did the Bush administration justify the use of “waterboarding” and other harsh interrogation techniques on suspected terrorists?

He seventeenth amendment to the us constitution calls for the direct election of all us senators. this means that the people of each state get to vote to decide who will be their two us senators. before this, the legislatures of each state chose the two us senators from that state with no direct involvement of the average voter. why would this amendment be considered a reform? how would it benefit the people? even today some people claim that the seventeenth amendment was a bad idea. what arguments could be made for reverting selection of us senators back to the state legislatures?

In which country did miguel hidalgo led the revolution against spain?

How is the president involved in the process of bills becoming laws?