What challenges did nato face in the 1980

The Cold War

Explanation:

The primary aim of NATO was to unify and reinforce the military reaction of the Western Allies to a potential occupation of western Europe by the Soviet Union and its allies in the Warsaw Pact.

 the doctrine of "Massive Retaliation"

Explanation:  If the Soviet Union attacked, NATO would respond with nuclear weapons. The intended effect of this doctrine was to deter either side from risk-taking since any attack.

the best description of postwar writers might be progressive.

following the war, writers showed a tendency to work on artistic or social matters rather than political themes. while postwar literature may not have been the greatest period of english literature, the themes provided excellent critics a high number of novels. such examples include anthony burgess, anthony powell and frank kermode, all of which can be placed under the progressive view.

c would be the correct !

hope this !

~bbgluver