Taxing and spending are tools of.

A. Fiscal policy

B. Monetary policy

A. Fiscal policy.

Explanation:

Taxes are a fiscal policy tool because changes in taxes affect the average consumer's income, and changes in consumption lead to changes in real GDP.

no every country is held to the same degree as others just some member countries such as the usa and germany are more economically sound so the need to show there support to all others  

the  seven  days  battles  were  a series of seven battles over seven  days from june 25 to july 1, 1862, near richmond, virginia,  during  the american civil war. the  seven  days ended with mcclellan's army in relative safety next to the james river, having suffered almost 16,000 casualtiesduring  the retreat.