What do Franz Gall, Charles Darwin, and Sir Francis Galton all have in common? They all promoted the idea of “survival of the fittest.”
They all believed that “book” smarts is the most important type of intelligence
They all believed that intelligence had some kind of biological basis.
They all developed tests for intelligence that we still use today.

Instead of being thirteen republics, under a federal head, [the federalists’ plan] is clearly designed to make us one [unified] government. . whether such a change can ever be [made] in any manner; whether it can be [made] without convulsions and civil wars; whether such a change will not totally destroy the liberties of this country—time only can determine. –the federal farmer what best summarizes the point of view the excerpt expresses? in time, one unified government will run the country. the federalists prefer thirteen republics to one unified government. one unified government probably will not lead to disruptions and civil wars. under one unified government, people will be robbed of their freedoms.