What do the dots on the page above refer to

All of the following changes typically happened in colonies as a result of imperialism, except: a. cultural practices were outlawed. b. they became more economically self-sufficient. c. european nations built modern infrastructure, including railways. d. the european language became the language of government and education.

How did cowboy culture reflect the ethnic diversity of the u. s.

And the spark struck out by that steed, in his flight, kindled the land into flame with its heat. what do you think he meant