1.) Which word best describes the origin of
"Jim Crow?"

A song

So basically, a racist white man named Thomas Dartmouth Rice, who was a white entertainer, made a song and dance, which he modeled after a slave. The character was named Jim Crow, and they did this to make fun of African Americans.

Explanation:

"the attempts of the proletariat to rise above this abasement"

besides the fact that abraham lincoln abolished slavery, and greatly benefit black people, he had a heavy impact of the definition of what democracy was, and should be.