According to this text, one brother is educated and the other must do hard labor. Is this fair, or, if not, who gets the better deal? HOW might a system like this impact society?

From Village Schools and Traveling Soldiers on Commonlit

It depends, if the one that does hard labor had a chance to get educated then yes, it is fair. If he never got the chance to get an education, then no. Why? Because if he did get the chance to get educated and didn't, then he basically chose to do hard labor. If he never got the chance to get educated, then that is unfair because his brother did have the chance.

Honestly idk if that helped, but that's how I see it.

the population grew a lot and was making more money

the answer would be c