refers to preference or prejudice, either from personal experience or opinions, that makes a person take one side over another without judging fairly or impartially.
a.
Bias
b.
Draft
c.
Special interest group
d.
Juror

Bias

Explanation:

Prejudice in favor of or against one thing, person, or group compared with another, usually in a way considered to be unfair.

i think it's a)sparta

congress also has implied powers, which derive from the necessary and proper clause of the constitution and permit congress "to make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers, and all other powers vested by this constitution in the government of the united states.