The ruling presented in the passage from McCulloch v. Maryland relied on a
legal principle established in which of the following Supreme Court cases?

A. Marbury v. Madison

B. Charles River Bridge v. Warren Bridge

C. Fletcher v. Peck

D. Gibbons v. Ogden

Which of these statements describes a long-term impact of european imperialism in africa? a. african countries joined together to present a united front against imperialism. b. europeans paid african countries after colonizing them, offering these new countries a fresh start. c. european powers drew the current borders, splitting ethnic groups among modern countries. d. africans became more loyal to their countries than to their ethnic groups.