Jewish reforms included

a rededication to the authority of scripture, especially the Torah

elevating women's status

stopping the rare practice of "suttee"

a loss of hope that a personal Messiah would ever come

a rededication to the authority of scripture, especially the Torah

Explanation:

The Jewish reforms included a rededication to the scripture, especially the Torah.

It is a deviation from the Orthodox Judaism that believes the Torah came directly from God and cannot be changed and must be obeyed to the letter.

Orthodox Judaism had rabbis who were descendants of the Pharisees that teaches from the Torah. They believe in the "mitzvah" which is obeying the commandments.

The Reform Jews believe that the Torah was written to understand God and nature. They believe it is an ancient book, even though it is considered Holy by the Reforms. They believe the laws written therein are not suited to the modern day.

- "the civil rights movements"

- "following the american civil war and abolition of slavery, the united states entered a period known as reconstruction, during which black americans continued to suffer from disenfranchisement, racial segregation, and economic oppression. beginning in the early 1950's, black americans launched a series of major campaigns of civil resistance, emphasizing the need for nonviolent protests and civil disobedience."

"such as the montgomery bus boycott of 1955-56, a campaign launched by rosa parks against the policy of racial segregation of the public transit system in alabama. “sit-ins” became popular across the american south, particularly in greensboro, north carolina, increase national sentiment."

- "the counterculture movement"

- "counterculture began to develop in the united states following the rise of conformity in american culture during the 1950s. by 1963, youth, particularly those of the white middle class, began rejecting the cultural standards and normality of their parents, opting for progressive attitudes instead. the movement gained momentum as the civil rights movement became increasingly successful and as the u.s. military intervention of vietnam began to take a negative turn."

"hippie counterculture moved further into popular culture following the summer of love in 1967 when thousands of people came together in the haight-ashbury neighborhood of san francisco. along with greenwich village in new york city, haight-ashbury became a hub for the counterculture movement."

the punishment for breaking the law would depend on the conditions or the seriousness of the law being broken, if he or she breaks the law while doing some great discovery or invention then it would classify as a scientific fraud. there are other words to describe the crime but scientific fraud would be the harshest one.