Why would a pope threaten to excommunicate a king?

Popes used the threat of excommunication, or banishment from the Church, to wield power over political rulers. For example, a disobedient king's quarrel with a pope might result in excommunication. This meant the king would be denied salvation. Excommunication also freed all the king's vassals from their duties to him.

i believe the answer is:

~b. the elastic clause gives the supreme court original jurisdiction in a limited number of cases.

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the answer is d. tariffs were raised by america's trading partners after the smoot-hawley tariff act, decreasing exports, and declining job rates.