What was one of the effects of the crusades on european society? the conversion of parts of southern and eastern europe to islam the importation of the black death the architectural method of building stone fortifications the temporary unification of catholic and orthodox branches of christianity all of the above?

c. the architectural method of building stone fortifications

d. the temporary unification of catholic and orthodox branches of Christianity

Explanation:

The main effect of crusader on the European society is the building of forts with big stones in order to defend and safe the cities from the attack of the enemies. The other effect of the crusades on European society is the joining of the armies of catholic and orthodox which are the branches of Christianity against the Muslims. This union of catholic and orthodox is temporary and ends when the war is over.

b. major john c. frémont led a rebellion called the bear flag revolt.

explanation:

during the bear flag revolt, from june to july 1846, a small group of american settlers in california rebelled against the mexican government and proclaimed california an independent republic. the republic was short-lived because soon after the bear flag was raised, the u.s. military began occupying california, which went on to join the union in 1850. the bear flag became the official state flag in 1911.